Two Universtiy Research Studies Validate Dr. Young's Theory for the Cause of Cancer

There are two University research studies supporting Dr. Robert O. Young's acid theory as the cause of cancer.

The titles of the two studies are:

1) "Mathematical Modelling of Tumour Acidity Regulation of Intracellular pH," by S.D. Webb, J.A. Sherratt and R. G. Fish (online at:
http://www.ideallibrary.com/) Published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology, (1999) 196, 237-250.
Article No. jtbi.1998.0836.

2) "Acid-mediated tumor invasion: How does vasculature affect the growth characteristics,"
by B. S. Govindan W. B. Spillman, Jr.,
J. L. Robertson and W. R. Huckle.

(1) Virginia Tech Applied Biosciences Center
(2) Department of Physics
(3) Center for Comparative Oncology at
Virginia Tech
(4) Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

Abstract

We studied the growth of an implanted avascular tumor in rats, in two-dimensions, based on a model where the mechanism of invasion is centered on tumor-induced acidification of the micro-environment and consequent death of normal cells.

The spatial distribution of the acid density around the tumor is found using mean-field analysis. By assuming that the viability of both normal and tumor cells falls sharply below certain threshold values of the local pH, we determine the conditions for the formation and radius of a necrotic core at the center, as a function of the tumor radius. We show mathematically that the mean micro-vessel density (MVD) plays a pivotal role in determining the growth characteristics of the tumor. When the MVD is sufficiently small, accumulation of excess acid inside the tumor leads to the formation of a necrotic core, which occupies a significant fraction of the total area in large tumors.

However, necrosis is reduced when the mean MVD inside the tumor is larger than outside because of the more efficient removal of excess acid.
At sufficiently high MVD, necrosis might be absent in the tumor, or confined to small regions mostly devoid of micro-vessels.

Quantitative estimates of MVD for these different phases of growth are obtained, and verified using explicit cellular automaton simulations. Recent experimental studies on the correlation between necrosis and MVD support our main conclusions.